Departures of note

Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna, was a Spanish nobleman who chose an unusual path for his class: instead of relying solely on his title, he enlisted as a private footsoldier in the army of Archduke Albert of Austria in 1602, after escaping his family's estate. By 1603 he commanded two cavalry companies and helped defuse mutinies in Brabant, financing the settlements with his own money. He later became a military leader, serving as the Spanish Viceroy of Sicily from 1611 to 1616, and then as Viceroy of Naples from 1616 to 1620.

In his viceregal roles, Osuna reorganized a pirate fleet and launched successful expeditions against the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Venice, and Barbary pirates, achieving victories at Cape Corvo, Cape Celidonia, and a raid on Constantinople. His actions sustained Spanish influence in the Mediterranean, but his aggressive approach created tensions with the Venetian government and the Neapolitan aristocracy. He incurred the resentment of local nobles by imposing heavy taxes to support his forces, and when he sided with the lower classes in Naples, he faced a hostile nobility.

In May 1618, the Venetian authorities claimed to have uncovered a conspiracy to ransack the city and burn its arsenal, attributing the plot to Osuna and the Spanish ambassador, though he was never officially held accountable for this. His downfall came in 1620, when he was deposed from the Neapolitan viceroyalty amid political instability following the fall of the Spanish royal minister, the Duke of Lerma. After the death of King Philip III in 1621, Osuna was arrested and imprisoned under house arrest by the king's new ministers, facing accusations of a wide array of crimes without ever receiving a formal trial. He died in detention in September 1624 at the age of 49.