Departures of note

Emerson Romero bought several films and experimented with providing captions. In 1947 he developed the first captioning for a movie by splicing film strips and inserting images with captions between picture frames, creating an effect similar to silent‑film title cards.

He rented the captioned films to deaf schools and clubs; the films were of poor visual quality to deter bootlegging and his technique ruined the soundtrack for hearing viewers. His efforts were noticed by Edmund Burke Boatner, who later created more practical captioning methods and co‑founded the Captioned Films for the Deaf program.